Wave Propagation Speed In Crude Oil

Tons of crude oil worldwide annually this industry is one of the.

Wave propagation speed in crude oil. C is the speed of light in vacuum equal to 299792458. Therefore hot oil pipeline initial restart pressure wave speed is different from that in usual fluid which is dependent on the range of cooling the exerted pressure. Crude oil is one of the most demanded commodities and prices have significantly increased in recent times. These waves can be also regarded as dynamic waves wallis 1969 which propagate with the speed of sound through the fluid flow beck et al 1995 the speed of sound depends on the type and temperature of the fluids thorley 1991.

The velocity of the pressure wave propagation is determined by fluid and pipeline characteristics. In this study acoustic pressure distribution was assessed by numerical solution of acoustic wave propagation equation in a crude oil upgrading sonoreactor. The speed of sound also known as wave celerity or phase speed is the speed at which a pressure wave travels in a given medium. Typical propagation velocities range from 1100 ft s for propane butane pipelines to 3300 ft s for crude oil pipelines and up to 4200 ft s for heavy wall steel water pipelines.

The simulation results show good em wave propagation in oil medium. Active cavitation zones where cavitation bubbles grow and collapse were determined by calculating negative pressure required to develop cavitation. In the experiment start up pressure wave speeds under various operation conditions were measured and effects of correlative factors on pressure wave were analyzed. In order to research start up pressure wave propagation mechanism and determine pressure wave speed in gelled crude oil pipelines accurately experiment of large scale flow loop was carried out.

Crude oil is a naturally occurring liquid fossil fuel resulting from plants and animals buried underground and exposed to extreme heat and pressure. The speed of sound is a function of a fluid s density and bulk modulus. The pressure wave speed shoule be mastered during the operation of crude oil pipelines. Determination of the speed of sound allows the prediction of how long it will take a wave such as a sudden pressure change to propagate through a system and is therefore a.